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James William Charles Pennington (1807–1870) was an African-American orator, minister, writer, and abolitionist active in Brooklyn, New York. He escaped at the age of 19 from slavery in western Maryland and reached New York. After working in Brooklyn and gaining some education, he was admitted to Yale University as its first black student. He completed studies and was ordained as a minister in the Congregational Church, later also serving in Presbyterian churches, for congregations in Hartford, Connecticut; and New York. After the Civil War, he served congregations in Natchez, Mississippi; Portland, Maine; and Jacksonville, Florida. In the antebellum period, Pennington was an abolitionist, and among the American delegates to the Second World Conference on Slavery in London. In 1850, he happened to be in Scotland when the Fugitive Slave Act was passed by the US Congress. As it increased the risk for fugitive slaves in the North, he stayed in the British Isles while friends worked to buy his freedom from his former master and then from his estate. Pennington raised funds for the abolition movement on the public lecture circuit in England. Pennington wrote and published what is considered the first history of blacks in the United States, ''The Origin and History of the Colored People'' (1841).〔 His memoir, ''The Fugitive Blacksmith,'' was first published in 1849 in London. ==Early life and education== Born into slavery in 1807, he was named James at a Tilghman plantation on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. When he was four years old, James and his mother were given to Frisby Tilghman, their owner’s son, as a wedding gift. They were taken by the younger Tilghman to his new plantation called Rockland, near Hagerstown in western Maryland.〔Pennington, Thomas H. Sands, "Events in the Life of J.W.C. Pennington, D.D.", an unpublished letter to Marianna Gibbons, Lancaster Historical Society〕 James was trained as a carpenter and blacksmith.〔 On October 28, 1827, at the age of nineteen, James escaped from the plantation.〔Pennington, p. 15.〕 After a series of misadventures James reached Adams County, Pennsylvania, where he was taken in by Quakers William and Phoebe Wright, who were glad to assist the fugitive slave. As James was illiterate, Wright began to teach him to read and write. James adopted the surname of Pennington, after a prominent man in Quaker history, and the middle name William after his benefactor.〔Pennington, p. 43〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James W.C. Pennington」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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